Relative Efficiency of Biological Transmission of Anaplasma marginale (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) by Dermacentor andersoni (Acari: Ixodidae) Compared with Mechanical Transmission by Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae)

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 668-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen A. Scoles ◽  
Alberto B. Broce ◽  
Timothy J. Lysyk ◽  
Guy H. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Relative Efficiency ◽  
Anaplasma Marginale ◽  
Stomoxys Calcitrans ◽  
Mechanical Transmission ◽  
Dermacentor Andersoni

scholarly journals Molecular detection of Anaplasma marginale in stable flies Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) feeding on a tick-free bovine herd

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Ramón Bautista Garfias ◽  
Tania Rodríguez ◽  
Carmen Rojas ◽  
José J. Lira ◽  
Jesús A. Álvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Anaplasma Marginale ◽  
Stomoxys Calcitrans ◽  
Stable Fly ◽  
Stable Flies ◽  
Clinical Cases

Data on the implication of the stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans, Diptera: Mus­cidae), in the transmission of Anaplasma marginale in tick-free cattle is scarce. Hence, the objective of this investigation was to detect the presence of DNA from A. marginale in stable flies caught near a bovine herd, which has been maintained free of ticks for 40 years, and occasionally presents some clinical cases of anaplasmosis. Twenty-four batches of S. calcitrans (15 flies each) were collected in the morning and in the afternoon twice a week (except for one catch in one week of September and one catch in one week of December) during 12 catching days in a period of four months. Their DNA was obtained and analysed by nested PCR (nPCR) to identify the presence of A. marginale DNA. Seven of the batches (29.16 %) were pos­itive for A. marginale, as detected by an nPCR that targets the A. marginale msp5 gene. Similarly, in two out of 12 catching days (16.66 %), those S. calcitrans batches collected in the morning and in the afternoon, were pos­itive for A. marginale, while those S. calcitrans groups collected in three out of 12 catching days (25 %), were positive for the rickettsia. The obtained re­sults suggest that A. marginale transmission is carried out mechanically by S. calcitrans, favouring the circulation and maintenance of the microorganism in this particular bovine herd.

First report of the presence of Anaplasma marginale in different tissues of the stable-fly Stomoxys calcitrans (Linnaeus, 1758) in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 100515
Author(s):  
Thamires Rezende Araújo ◽  
Miguel Angelo Leite Mota Júnior ◽  
Thamyris Sampaio Vilela ◽  
Avelino José Bittecourt ◽  
Huarrisson Azevedo Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Anaplasma Marginale ◽  
Stomoxys Calcitrans ◽  
Stable Fly ◽  
First Report ◽  
Janeiro State ◽  
Different Tissues

scholarly journals Antigens and Alternatives for Control of Anaplasma marginale Infection in Cattle

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 698-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine M. Kocan ◽  
José de la Fuente ◽  
Alberto A. Guglielmone ◽  
Roy D. Meléndez
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Anaplasma Marginale ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Mechanical Transmission ◽  
Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Cattle Disease

SUMMARY Anaplasmosis, a tick-borne cattle disease caused by the rickettsia Anaplasma marginale, is endemic in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. The disease causes considerable economic loss to both the dairy and beef industries worldwide. Analyses of 16S rRNA, groESL, and surface proteins have resulted in the recent reclassification of the order Rickettsiales. The genus Anaplasma, of which A. marginale is the type species, now also includes A. bovis, A. platys, and A. phagocytophilum, which were previously known as Ehrlichia bovis, E. platys, and the E. phagocytophila group (which causes human granulocytic ehrlichiosis), respectively. Live and killed vaccines have been used for control of anaplasmosis, and both types of vaccines have advantages and disadvantages. These vaccines have been effective in preventing clinical anaplasmosis in cattle but have not blocked A. marginale infection. Thus, persistently infected cattle serve as a reservoir of infective blood for both mechanical transmission and infection of ticks. Advances in biochemical, immunologic, and molecular technologies during the last decade have been applied to research of A. marginale and related organisms. The recent development of a cell culture system for A. marginale provides a potential source of antigen for the development of improved killed and live vaccines, and the availability of cell culture-derived antigen would eliminate the use of cattle in vaccine production. Increased knowledge of A. marginale antigen repertoires and an improved understanding of bovine cellular and humoral immune responses to A. marginale, combined with the new technologies, should contribute to the development of more effective vaccines for control and prevention of anaplasmosis.

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